build: upgrade fmt and SDL2

Update fmt library to version 11.0.2 and make necessary adjustments:
- Replace fmt/format.h includes with fmt/ranges.h
- Add const qualifiers to formatter::format functions
- Update CMake to require fmt version 11

Additional dependency updates:
- Update SDL2 bundled version from 2.28.2 to 2.32.0
- Update catch2 to version 3.8.0
- Update vcpkg baseline to c82f74667287d3dc386bce81e44964370c91a289

src/input_common/drivers/virtual_amiibo.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 #include <cstring>
-#include <fmt/format.h>
+#include <fmt/ranges.h>
 
 #include "common/fs/file.h"
 #include "common/fs/fs.h"